The email can't just vanish, at least, not on your side. It's either still in qmail queue (if outlooks.com's server responds with a deferal, if there's a temp DNS issue etc...), rejected, in which case you should be notified, or sent. If it's sent, it doesn't mean the email is in your recipient's mailbox, just that it's now up to outlook.com to do its job. /var/log/qmail/current will tell you in which situation you are.